Assessment of biomass-burning types and transport over Thailand and the associated health risks

Biomass-burning (BB) related air pollution is a prime concern in several regions of the world including Southeast Asia. This study aimed to identify and apportion BB types (agricultural, forest, grassland) assess transport BB-derived PM 2.5 which influences quality index (AQI) three major (i.e., central, north, northeast) Thailand by integrating satellite fire products, air-mass trajectories, ground-based measurements, statistical approaches, modeling tools. We accounted for time from source monitoring stations grouping type with trajectory timestamps. Forest predominated over north (73%) northeast (48%) whereas agricultural burning central (52%) region. Grassland was most influential region (16%) followed (11%) (5%) Thailand. Annual exposure amounted very-unhealthy hazardous -AQI levels about 79% population. were mainly governed transboundary influence (67%) local contribution 33%. Excess numbers premature deaths due totaled 18,003, associated stroke burden (53%), ischemic heart disease (30%), lung cancer (12%), chronic obstructive pulmonary (5%), based on public-health data 2016. The spatial distribution results excess mortality showed largest (44%) (29%), (18%), south (9%). Our are useful shaping effective control strategies open management other nearby countries peninsular • level depends region, season, type. Satellite land-use products together BTs used types. Agricultural predominate (52%). Total 18,003